![]() overviewed urgent global measures on energy consumer protection during the pandemic. stressed the considerations, challenges, and responses for the energy social research during and after pandemics. They stated that increased uncertainty of electricity demand posed greater pressure on system operators. reviewed the implications and challenges of COVID-19 for the electricity sector. provided a perspective overview of the energy crises related to the intersections of inequity, indigeneity and health. Some existing literature overviewed the changes and challenges with various focuses. The energy industry is on the way to understand the complicated impacts and identify emerging opportunities. Although the fact that overall energy demand declines, is simple and clear, the repercussions are very complicated in different energy types and consumption patterns of different regions. Compared to the mean value from 2015 to 2019, the total mean electricity generation from 16 European countries in April 2020 dropped by 9% (25 GW), where fossil energy generation decreased by 28% (24 GW), nuclear energy decreased by 14% (11 GW), whilst renewables increased by 15% (15 GW). Global energy demand in 2020 is estimated to decline by 6% compared to 2019, a fall seven times greater than the 2009 financial crisis. According to statistic and projection data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the shock to energy demand in 2020 is set to be the largest in the last 70 y. The energy industry is naturally not immune in the influences. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound influences for many industries, including agriculture, manufacturing, finance, education, healthcare, sports, tourism, and food. Many measures such as quarantine, social distancing and lockdown have been set to mitigate the coronavirus infection. suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic might get more deadly than the most severe pandemic in the last century. By comparing the early 2020 COVID-19 outbreak and the 1918 flu pandemic, Faust et al. ![]() By the Mid-December 2020, approaching 75 M confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 1.7 M deaths in 220 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been swiping the world. This study could offer a direction in opening new avenues for increasing energy efficiency and promoting energy saving. A crucial issue has been to allocate and find energy-related emerging opportunities for the post pandemics. The energy intensity has presented apparent changes, the extra energy for COVID-19 fighting is non-negligible for stabilising energy demand, and the energy recovery in different regions presents significant differences. In general, although the overall energy demand declines, the spatial and temporal variations are complicated. The changes in energy requirements are compared and analysed from multiple perspectives according to available data and information. The discussion on energy-related issues is divided into four main sections: emergency situation and its impacts, environmental impacts and stabilising energy demand, recovering energy demand, and lessons and emerging opportunities. This paper overviews the impacts and challenges of COVID-19 pandemics on energy demand and consumption and highlights energy-related lessons and emerging opportunities. Spatial and temporal heterogeneities of impacts appear gradually due to the dynamics of pandemics and mitigation measures. Potential new practices and social forms being facilitated by the pandemics are having impacts on energy demand and consumption. COVID-19 has caused great challenges to the energy industry.
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